Cold Pressed Oils: Green Technology, Bioactive Compounds, Functionality, and Applications

Cover
Cold Pressed Oils:
Green Technology, Bioactive Compounds,
Functionality, and Applications
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
1
Introduction to cold pressed oils: Green technology, bioactive compounds, functionality, and applications
	Introduction
	Green technologies and processing of vegetable oils
	Advantages versus disadvantages of cold pressing technology
	Cold pressing process
	Features and specific phytochemicals of cold pressed oils (CPO)
	Cold pressed oils (CPO) in the literature
	References
2
Minor bioactive lipids in cold pressed oils
	Introduction
	Phytosterols
	Phospholipids
	Tocols (tocopherols and tocotrienols)
	Phenolic compounds
	Squalene
	Pigments
		Carotenoids
		Chlorophyll
	Aroma and flavor compounds
	References
3
Valorization of by-products from the production of pressed edible oils to produce biopolymer films
	Introduction
	By-products of oilseeds processing
	Oilseeds processing technology
	Cakes composition and characteristics of some oilseeds
	Oilseed by-products application for biopolymer packaging materials production
		Oil cakes valorization for biopolymer films production
		Application of protein isolates and concentrates derived from edible oil industry by-products for biopolymer films p ...
		Related by-products valorization for biopolymer films production (flours and meals)
	Conclusion
	References
4
Cold pressed Torreya grandis kernel oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed Torreya grandis oil
	Fatty acids of cold pressed Torreya grandis oil
	Minor bioactive lipids of cold pressed Torreya grandis oil
	Contribution of bioactive compounds in cold pressed Torreya grandis oil
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed Torreya grandis oil and oil constituents
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed Torreya grandis oil
	Other issues
	References
5
Cold pressed grape (Vitis vinifera) seed oil
	Introduction
	Extraction of cold pressed oil, highly valued phytochemicals and lipid compounds
	Fatty acids and acyl lipids profile of cold pressed oil
	Minor bioactive lipids in cold pressed oil
		Tocopherols and tocotrienols
		Carotenoids
		Phytosterols
		Phenolic compounds
	Contribution of bioactive compounds in cold pressed oil to organoleptic traits and functions in food or nonfood products
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oil
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
	Authenticity and adulteration of cold pressed grape seed oil
	Conclusion
	References
6
Cold pressed black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed oil
	Introduction
	Cold press extraction and processing of oils
	Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of black cumin oil
	Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of black cumin oil
	Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of black cumin oil
	Cold pressed oil recovery, uses of oil cake, and economy
	Fatty acid composition and acyl lipids profile of cold pressed oil
	Minor bioactive lipids in cold pressed oil
	Composition of cold pressed oil in comparison to other cold pressed oils
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oil
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
	Oxidative stability and antiradical and antimicrobial activity
	References
	Further reading
7
Cold pressed rapeseed (Brassica napus) oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing
		Seeds processing
		Cold pressing
		Microwave pretreatment
	Chemical composition
		Chemical properties
		Fatty acid composition
		Phospholipids composition
	Minor bioactive compounds
		Phenolics
		Tocopherols
		Phytosterols
		Carotenoids
		Chlorophyll
	Oxidative stability
	Health-promoting traits
		Antioxidant activity
		Antihypercholesterolemic activity
		Anticancer activity
		Insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance
	Edible and nonedible applications
	Other issues (allergenic seed protein)
	References
8
Application of green technology on extraction of phenolic compounds in oilseeds (Canola)
	Introduction
	Canola: A source of phenolic compounds
		Canola oil
		Canola meal
		Natural phenolic compounds of canola
	Industrial approach toward mechanical and solvent extraction
		Extraction of phenolic compounds from canola
	Green technology
		Principles of green extraction
		Green extraction techniques
			Ultrasonic/ultrasound aided extraction (UAE)
			Megasonic-assisted aqueous extraction (MSAE)
			Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)
			Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)
			Subcritical water extraction (SWE)
			Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)
		Application of green technology for the canola industry
	Summary and conclusion
	References
9
Cold pressed paprika (Capsicum annuum) seed oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed oil
	Compounds of nutritional and nutraceutical interest in cold pressed paprika seed oil
	Flavor volatile compounds
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold-pressed oil
	Infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics applied to cold pressed oil
	References
10
Cold pressed sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil
	Introduction
	History of sesame oil
	Extraction and purification of cold pressed oil
	Optimization of the extraction process
	Fatty acid and acyl lipids profile of cold pressed oil
	Roasted and unroasted cold pressed sesame oil
	Antioxidant activity
	Oxidative stability
	Adulteration of cold pressed sesame oil
	Chemical contaminants
	Applications and health-promoting traits of cold pressed sesame oil
	References
11
Cold pressed amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed amaranth oil
		Fatty acid and acyl lipid (neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids) profile of cold pressed amaranth oil
	Minor bioactive lipids
		Sterols
		Tocols
		Carotenoids
		Phenolic compounds (other than tocols)
		Hydrocarbons
		Flavor and aroma compounds
		Contribution of bioactive compounds in cold pressed amaranth oil to organoleptic traits and functions in food or non ...
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed amaranth oil and oil constituents
		Reduction of the manifestations of chronic oxidative stress
		Prevention of cardiovascular disease
	Edible applications of cold pressed amaranth oil
		Amaranth oil in diets for rainbow trout
		Infant formula
		Yoghurt
		Amaranth oil oleogel for use in food products
	Nonedible applications of cold pressed amaranth oil
		Cosmetics
		Amaranth oil for the development of squalene-based nanocarriers for dual release of drug and bioactive compounds
	Other issues
	Conclusion
	References
12
Cold pressed orange (Citrus sinensis) oil
	Introduction
	Some physicochemical properties of cold pressed orange oils
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed orange oil
		Quality control of cold pressed orange oils
	Fatty acids profile of cold pressed orange oil
	Minor bioactive compounds profile of cold pressed orange oils
	Flavor and sensory characterization of cold pressed orange oils
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed orange oil and oil constituents
	Adulteration and authenticity of cold pressed oil
	Conclusion
	References
13
Cold pressed Fagus sylvatica L. seed oil
	Introduction
	Properties of F. sylvatica
	Economic importance (uses of oil cake, economy)
		Other uses
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed oil
		Cold press method
		Cold pressed oil extraction
		Water content in oil
	Lipid composition and extraction
		Acyl lipids and sterols
		Fatty acid composition
		Chlorophyll and β-carotene
		Tocopherols
		Phytosterols
		Calculated oxidizability (Cox) value
		Peroxide value (PV) and acid value (AV)
	Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
14
Cold pressed lemon (Citrus limon) seed oil
	Introduction
		Citrus: Industry, processing, and by-products
		Lemon seeds: Proximate composition, oil recovery, and yield
		Lemon seeds: Oil cake
	Cold pressed lemon seed oil
	Chemical characterization of cold pressed lemon seed oil
		Fatty acid composition
		Minor bioactive compounds
			Phytosterols
			Tocols
			Phenolics
			Carotenoids
			Flavor compounds
	Applications of lemon seed oil
	Issues with cold pressed lemon seed oil: Consumer acceptance
	References
15
Cold pressed chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed oil
	Introduction
	Phytochemical of chia seed oil
		Triglycerides and fatty acids
		Polyphenols
		Tocopherols and phytosterols
	Extraction methods for chia seed oil
		Cold pressed extraction
		Soxhlet (solvent) extraction
		Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)
		Physicochemical properties of cold pressed chia oil
		Oxidative stability
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed chia seed oil
		Functional food materials
		Natural source of fat replacers in foods
		Cosmetics and skin care
		Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
	Market potential, adulteration, and authenticity
	Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
16
Cold pressed corn (Zea mays) oil
	Introduction
	History of corn oil
	Fatty acid and acyl lipids profile of cold pressed corn oil
	Purification of cold pressed oil
	Sterols and tocopherols composition of cold pressed corn oil
	Phenolics composition
	Volatiles and aromatics composition
	Antioxidant activity of cold pressed corn oil
	Health benefits of cold pressed corn oil
	References
17
Cold pressed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) oil
	Introduction
	Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed and processing of cold pressed sunflower oil
		Seed characteristics of different sunflower hybrids
		Sunflower oil with different fatty acid compositions
		Mechanical extraction and processing of cold pressed oil
		Neutral lipids and phosphoacylglycerols (phospholipids) profile of cold pressed sunflower oil
	Minor components of cold pressed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) oil
		Tocopherols
		Phytosterols
		Other minor components
	Nutritive importance of cold pressed sunflower oil
	Applications of cold pressed sunflower oil
	Adulteration and authenticity of cold pressed sunflower oil
	Conclusion
	References
18
Cold pressed pumpkin seed oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed oil
	Fatty acids and acyl lipids profile of cold pressed oil
	Minor bioactive lipids
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oil
	Other issues
	References
19
Cold pressed poppy seed oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed oil
	Fatty acids and acyl lipids profile of cold pressed oil
	Minor bioactive lipids
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oil
	Other issues
	References
20
Cold pressed hazelnut (Corylus avellana) oil
	Introduction
	Cold press extraction and processing of oil
	Cold pressed oil recovery and content
	Chemical composition of cold pressed nuts oil
	Comparison of chemical composition
	Edible and nonedible applications
	Health-promoting traits
	Authenticity and adulteration
	References
21
Cold pressed camelina (Camelina sativa L.) seed oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed oil
	Fatty acids and acyl lipids profile of cold pressed oil
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
		Health-promoting effects of camelina oil
		Cholesterol-reducing effect of camelina oil
	Minor bioactive lipids in cold pressed oil
	Contribution of bioactive compounds in cold pressed oil to organoleptic traits and functions in food or nonfood products
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oil
	References
22
Cold pressed pistachio (Pistacia vera) oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed oil
	Fatty acids and acyl lipids
	Minor bioactive lipids
	Contribution of bioactive compounds in cold pressed oil to organoleptic traits and functions in food or nonfood products
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oil
	Oil adulteration
	References
23
Cold pressed clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil
	Introduction
	Chemical composition of cold pressed clove oil
	Biological activities of cold pressed clove oil
	Conclusions
	References
24
Cold pressed berry seed oils
	Introduction
	Extraction, processing, and physicochemical characteristics of cold pressed berry seed oils
	Fatty acids and acyl lipids profile of cold pressed berry seed oils
	Minor bioactive lipids in cold pressed berry seed oils
	Contribution of bioactive compounds in cold pressed oil to organoleptic traits and functions in food or nonfood products
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed berry seed oil
	Applications of cold pressed berry seed oils
	Conclusions
	References
25
Cold pressed oregano (Origanum vulgare) oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed oil
	Lipids and fatty acids composition
	Minor bioactive lipids in oregano cold pressed oil
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
	Adulteration and authenticity of cold pressed oil
	Conclusion
	References
26
Cold pressed onion (Allium cepa L.) seed oil
	Introduction
		Recovery and content of cold pressed onion seed oil
		Physical properties of cold pressed onion seed oil
		The economy of cold pressed onion seed oil
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed onion seed oil
		Comparison of different extraction methods
			Soxhlet extraction
			Supercritical fluid extraction
			Cold pressed extraction
	Fatty acid and acyl lipids profile of cold pressed onion seed oil
		Triglyceride composition in cold pressed onion seed oil
		Fatty acid profile in cold pressed onion seed oil
	Minor bioactive lipids in cold pressed onion seed oil
		Tocopherols
		Phenolic compounds
		Carotenoids
	Contribution of bioactive compounds in cold pressed onion seed oil to organoleptic traits and functions in food or non ...
		Organosulfur compounds (OCS)
		Hydrocarbons
		Esters
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed onion seed oil and oil constitute
		Antioxidant activity
		Antipathogenic activity
		Hepatoprotective activity
		Hypolipidemic activity
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed onion seed oil
		Edible applications of cold pressed onion seed oil
		Nonedible applications of cold press onion seed oil
	Other issues
		Adulteration and authenticity of cold pressed onion seed oil
	References
27
Cold pressed okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seed oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of okra seed oil
	Fatty acids profile of cold pressed okra oil
	Minor bioactive lipids in cold pressed okra oil
	Organoleptic traits and applications of cold pressed okra oil in food/nonfood products
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed okra oil constituents
	Other issues
	References
28
Cold pressed rosehip seed oil
	Introduction
	Rosehip cold pressed oil: Recovery and contents
	Extraction and processing of rosehip seed cold pressed oil
	Fatty acids composition of rosehip seed oil
	Other bioactives in rosehip seed oil
	Organoleptic traits of bioactive compounds from rosehip seed oil
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed rosehip seed oil
	Adulteration and authenticity
	References
29
Cold pressed safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed oil (developments in extraction and isolation of high-value lipid compounds  ...
	Fatty acids and acyl lipids profile of cold pressed oil
	Minor bioactive lipids in cold pressed oil
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed safflower oil and oil constituents
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oil
	Other issues
	References
30
Cold pressed carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) seed oil
	Introduction
	Cold press extraction and processing of oil
	Fatty acids and acyl lipids (neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids) profile of cold pressed carrot seed oil
	Minor bioactive lipids (sterols, tocols, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, hydrocarbons, flavor and aroma compounds) in ...
	Composition of cold pressed carrot seed oil in comparison to other cold pressed oils
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed carrot seed oil
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed carrot seed oil and oil constituents
	Oxidative stability of cold pressed carrot seed oil
	References
31
Cold pressed coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of coriander seeds
		Seed harvest and storage
		Extraction of seed oil
			Nonconventional extraction techniques
				Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)
			Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)
		Conventional techniques
			Hydro-distillation
			Subcritical water extraction (SWE)
			Soxhlet extraction
			Cold pressing technique
	Fatty acid and acyl lipids profile of cold pressed coriander seed oil
	Minor bioactive lipids
		Sterols
		Tocochromanols
		Other bioactive compounds
		Essential oil composition and functionality
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed coriander seed oil and its constituents
		Antioxidant-related activities
		AntiQS potential
		Antiinflammatory potential
		Antimicrobial potential
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oil
	References
32
Cold pressed peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) oil
	Introduction
	Composition of the peanut
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed peanut oil
	Utilization of cold pressed peanut meal
	Fatty acids and acyl lipids profile
	Minor bioactive lipid components
	Volatile components
	Health-promoting traits of peanut oil
	Edible and nonedible applications of peanut oil
	Other issues
		Oxidative stability
		Adulteration and authenticity
	References
	Further reading
33
Cold pressed pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) almond oil
	Introduction
	Cold press extraction and processing of oils
	Cold pressed oil recovery, content, uses of oil cake, and economy
	Fatty acid composition of cold pressed oil
	Minor bioactive lipids in cold pressed oil
	Composition of cold pressed oil in comparison to other cold pressed oils
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oil
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
	Oxidative stability and antiradical and antimicrobial activity of CPPO
	References
34
Cold pressed Pistacia lentiscus seed oils
	Introduction
	Oil content of Pistacia lentiscus fruits
	Mineral composition
	Physicochemical properties of cold pressed Pistacia lentiscus seed oil
	Composition of cold pressed lentisc seed oil
		Fatty acid composition of cold pressed Pistacia lentiscus seed oils
		Sterol composition
		Tocol composition
		Carotenoids composition
	Antioxidant activities of cold pressed Pistacia lentiscus seed oil
	Physical properties
		Rheological properties
		Thermal properties
	Conclusion
	References
35
Cold pressed niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) seed oil
	Introduction
	Oil content
	Lipid classes and fatty acid profile of niger seed oil
	Effect of extraction methods on lipid classes and bioactive composition
	Health benefits of niger oil
	References
36
Cold pressed rice (Oryza sativa) bran oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed rice bran oil
	Fatty acids and acyl lipids profile of cold pressed rice bran oil
	Minor bioactive lipids in cold pressed rice bran oil
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed rice bran oil and oil constituents
	Other applications of cold pressed rice bran oil
	Conclusion
	References
37
Cold pressed avocado (Persea americana Mill.) oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of avocado oil
		Solvent extraction of avocado oil
			Hexane extraction
			Acetone extraction
		Cold pressed avocado oil
			Pressing
			Centrifugation
		Technological aids in cold pressed avocado oil extraction
			Inorganic salt
			Enzymes
		Microtalc
		Unconventional extraction technologies
			Supercritical fluid
			Ultrasound water bath extraction
			Homogenization pressure extraction
	Major components of cold pressed avocado oil-Fatty acids and acyl lipids (neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipi ...
	Minor bioactive lipids
	Health-promoting traits of cold extraction oil and oil constituents
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oil
		Culinary applications
		Cosmetic applications
	Other issues
	Conclusion
	References
38
Cold pressed colza oil
	Introduction
	Cold pressed colza oil
	The effect of heat on the oil components
	Colza oil composition
	Fatty acids profile of colza oil
	Sterol composition of colza oil
	Tocols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) profile of colza oil
	Phenolic compounds of colza oil
	Pigments in colza oil
		Carotenoids
		Chlorophyll
	Phospholipids of colza oil
	Bioactive compounds in colza oil
	Sensory evaluation of colza oil
	Conclusions
	References
39
Cold pressed capia pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seed oil
	Introduction
	Capia pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
	Composition of C. annuum seeds
	Fatty acid composition and bioactive components of cold pressed paprika seed oil
	Bioactive compounds of pepper
	Health-promoting potential of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) seeds
	Antiobesity effect
	Antimicrobial activity
	Antioxidant potential
	Anticancer potential
	Antidiabetic potential
	Other health benefits
	References
	Further reading
40
Cold pressed tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) seed oil
	Introduction
	Cold press extraction and processing of oil
	Cold pressed oil recovery and content, uses of oil cake, and economy
	Fatty acids composition and acyl lipids
	Minor bioactive lipids
	Composition of cold pressed oil in comparison to other cold pressed oils
	Organoleptic properties of cold pressed tomato seed oil
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oil
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
	Adulteration and authenticity
	References
41
Cold pressed argan (Argania spinose) oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed oil
	Composition of cold pressed oil
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
	Volatile flavor compounds
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oil
	Infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics applied to cold pressed oil
	References
42
Cold pressed Moringa oleifera seed oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed oil
	Physical and chemical characteristics of cold pressed oil
	Fatty acid composition of cold pressed oil
	Tocopherols and sterols profile of cold pressed oil
	Health-promoting traits of M. oleifera cold pressed oil
	Applications of cold pressed M. oleifera oil
	Conclusion
	References
43
Cold pressed garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seed oil
	Introduction
	Physical properties of L. sativum seed oil
	Nutritional and chemical properties of L. sativum seed oil
	Pharmacological properties of L. sativum seed oil
		Antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities
		Antihypertensive activities
		Antimicrobial activities
		Antioxidant activities
		Cytotoxicity activities
		Diuretic activities
		Galactagogue activities
		Hepatoprotective activities
		Hypoglycemic activities
		Hypolipidemic activities
		Larvicidal activities
		Nephroprotective and curative activities
		Prokinetic and laxative activities
		Protective activities
		Toxicity
	Development of new food products using L. sativum seed oil
	References
44
Cold pressed walnut (Juglans regia L.) oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed walnut oil
	Fatty acids and acyl lipids profile of cold pressed walnut oil
	Minor bioactive lipids in cold pressed walnut oil
	Organoleptic and health-promoting traits of cold pressed walnut oil
	Other issues (stability and shelf life)
	References
45
Cold pressed grapefruit (Citrus paradisi L.) oil
	Introduction
	Physicochemical properties of cold pressed grapefruit oils
	Fatty acids profile of cold pressed grapefruit oil
	Minor bioactive compounds in cold pressed grapefruit oils
	Flavor and sensory characterization of cold pressed grapefruit oils
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed grapefruit oil and oil constituents
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed grapefruit oil
	Conclusion
	References
46
Cold pressed pecan (Carya illinoinensis) oil
	Introduction
	Cold press extraction and processing of oils
	Cold pressed oil recovery, content, uses of oil cake, and economy
	Fatty acid composition and acyl lipids profile of cold pressed oil
	Minor bioactive lipids in cold pressed oil
	Composition of cold pressed oil in comparison to other cold pressed oils
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oil
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
	Oxidative stability
	References
47
Cold pressed pine (Pinus koraiensis) nut oil
	Introduction
	Cold press extraction and processing of oils
	Cold pressed oil recovery, content, uses of oil cake, and economy
	Fatty acids composition and acyl lipids profile of cold pressed oil
	Minor bioactive lipids in cold pressed oil
	Composition of cold pressed pine oil in comparison to other cold pressed oils
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oil
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
	Oxidative stability
	Toxicity
	References
48
Cold pressed juniper (Juniperus communis L.) oil
	Introduction
	Chemical composition
	Biological activities
		Antimicrobial activity
		Antioxidants activity
	References
49
Cold pressed Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach) seed oil
	Introduction
	Chemical composition of Japanese quince seed oil
	Antioxidants activity of Japanese quince seed cold pressed oil
	References
50
Cold pressed virgin olive oils
	Virgin olive oil (VOO) and cold pressed virgin olive oils
	From olives to virgin olive oil
		Harvesting and transportation
		Cleaning
		Crushing
			Stone mills
			Hammer mills
			Blade crushers
			Metal-toothed crushers (disk crushers)
		Malaxation
		Extraction of virgin olive oil
			Pressing
			Centrifugation (decantation)
				Three-phase vs. two-phase decanters
		Clarification of VOO
	Olive oil market characteristics and the position of cold pressed olive oil products
		The case of the Greek olive oil market
		The case of the Turkish olive oil market
	Impact of ``cold technology´´ on yield, quality parameters, sensory/color attributes, and chemical composition of virg ...
		General
		Processing yield
		Physicochemical characteristics-Oxidative stability-Radical scavenging activity
		Fatty acid and acylglycerol composition
		Sensory attributes
		Volatiles
			Effect of olive oil extraction steps to volatile composition
		Polar phenolic compounds
		Other compounds
		Appearance attributes
	Conclusion
	References
51
Cold pressed soybean oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed oil
	Fatty acids and acyl lipids
	Minor bioactive lipids
	Contribution of bioactive compounds in cold pressed oil to organoleptic traits and functions in food or nonfood products
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oil
	Other issues
	References
52
Cold pressed macadamia oil
	Introduction
	Composition of the macadamia kernel
	Macadamia species targeting oil extraction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed macadamia oil
		Preprocessing of macadamia nut
		Cold pressed extraction
		Utilization of pressed macadamia meal
	Fatty acids and acyl lipids profile
	Minor bioactive lipid components
		Tocols
		Squalene
		Phytosterols
		Polyphenols
	Volatile compounds
	Health-promoting traits of macadamia oil
	Edible and nonedible applications
	Other issues
		Oxidative stability
		Adulteration and authenticity
	References
53
Cold pressed pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil
	Introduction
	Cold press extraction and processing of oils
	Cold pressed oil recovery and economy
	Fatty acids composition and acyl lipids
	Minor bioactive lipids
	Composition of cold pressed oil in comparison to other cold pressed oils
	The contribution of bioactive compounds in cold pressed oil to organoleptic properties and functions in functional foods
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oil
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
	Adulteration and authenticity
	References
54
Cold pressed Cucumis melo L. seed oil
	Introduction
	Oil content in melon seeds
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed oil
	Fatty acid composition of cold pressed melon seed oil
	Triacylglycerol composition
	Minor bioactive lipids in the cold pressed melon seed oil
		Sterols
		Tocopherols and tocotrienols (tocochromanols)
		Phenolic compounds
		Total phenolics and flavonoids contents
		Carotenoids
	Oxidative stability
	Antioxidant properties
	CIE L*, a*, and b* coordinates
	Conclusion
	References
55
Cold pressed Citrullus lanatus seed oil
	Introduction
	Oil content in watermelon seeds
	Extracting and processing of watermelon seed oil
	Fatty acid composition of watermelon seed oil
	TAG composition of watermelon seed oil
	Physicochemical properties of crude watermelon seed oil
	Minor bioactive lipids in cold pressed watermelon seed oil
		Sterols
		Tocopherols and tocotrienols (tocochromanols)
		Phenolic compounds
		Total phenolics and flavonoids contents
		Carotenoids
	Oxidative stability
	Antioxidant properties
	CIE L*, a*, and b* coordinates
	Conclusion
	References
56
Cold pressed oils from genus Prunus
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed oil
		Mechanical screw presses
		Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction
		Supercritical fluid extraction
		Ultrasound-assisted extraction
	Fatty acids and acyl lipids profile of cold pressed oil
		Fatty acids
		Neutral and polar lipids
	Minor bioactive compounds in cold pressed oil
		Tocopherols and tocotrienols
		Phytosterols
		Other minor bioactive compounds
	Contribution of bioactive compounds in cold pressed oil to organoleptic traits and functions in food or nonfood products
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed oils
		Plant protection
		Waste and residues application
	Future perspectives
	References
57
Cold pressed Eucommia ulmoides oliver oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing cold pressed oil
	Extraction of Eucommia ulmoides seed oil using cold pressing technology
	Fatty acid composition
	Minor bioactive components
	Contribution of bioactive compounds in cold pressed oil to organoleptic traits and food/nonfood products
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed oil and oil constituents
	References
58
Cold pressed oils from the Capsicum genus
	Introduction
	Cold pressed Capsicum oil
	Physicochemical and biochemical properties of Capsicum seeds oil
	Potential health benefits of cold pressed Capsicum seed oil
	Conclusion
	References
59
Cold pressed ginger (Zingiber officinale) oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of Z. officinale oils
	Fatty acids and tocols composition of GO
	Health-promoting properties of GO and oil constituents
	Conclusion
	References
60
Cold pressed rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed R. officinalis oil
	Acyl lipids and fatty acid profile of cold pressed R. officinalis oil
		Lipid classes
		Fatty acids
	Minor bioactive lipids in cold pressed R. officinalis oil
	Health-promoting properties of cold pressed R. officinalis oil and oil constituents
		Antioxidant activity
		Antimicrobial activity
		Antidiabetic activity
		Hepatoprotective activity
	Edible and nonedible applications of cold pressed R. officinalis oil
	References
61
Cold pressed cumin (Cuminum cyminum) oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of CPCSO
	Acyl lipids and fatty acid profile of CPCSO
		Fatty acid profile of CPCSO
	Minor bioactive lipids in CPCSO
		Sterols
		Tocols
		Phenolic compounds
	Health-promoting properties of CPCSO and oil constituents
	Edible and nonedible applications of CPCSO
	Conclusion
	References
62
Cold pressed green coffee oil
	Introduction
	Phytochemistry of green coffee oil
		Fatty acids and acyl lipids
		Terpenoides
		Phenolics
	Extraction and processing of cold pressed oil
	Contribution of CP-GCO bioactive compounds in the cosmetic field
		Cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications of CP-GCO
		Pharmacological activity of GCO and its chemical constituents
	Authenticity of cold pressed oil
	Conclusion
	References
63
Cold pressed yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) oil
	Introduction
	Phytochemistry of yuzu oil
	Extraction and processing of yuzu oil
		Cold press method
		Steam distillation
		Supercritical CO2 extraction
	Oil stability
	Applications/uses
		Pharmacological properties
		Cosmetic-related studies
		Aromatherapy uses
	Safety
	Conclusion
	References
64
Cold pressed thyme (Thymus vulgaris) oil
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of CPTO
	Acyl lipids and fatty acid profile of CPTO
		Fatty acid profile of CPTO
		Lipid classes of CPTO
	Minor bioactive lipids in CPTO
	Health-promoting properties of CPTO and oil constituents
		Antioxidant potential and RSA of CPTO
		Antimicrobial action of CPTO
	Edible and nonedible applications of CPTO
	Conclusion
	References
65
Cold pressed apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernel oil
	List of abbreviations
	Introduction
	Extraction and processing of AKO
	Fatty acids profile of cold pressed AKO
	Minor bioactive lipids in cold pressed AKO
	Organoleptic traits and cold pressed AKO as an ingredient in food/nonfood products
	Health-promoting traits of cold pressed AKO constituents
	Other issues
	References
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Y
	Z
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