AVR Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C (Pearson Custom Electronics Technology)

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Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
0 Introduction to Computing
	0.1 Numbering and Coding Systems
	0.2 Digital Primer
	0.3 Semiconductor Memory
	0.4 CPU Architecture
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
1 The AVR Microcontroller: History and Features
	1.1 Microcontrollers and Embedded Processors
	1.2 Overview of the AVR Family
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
2 AVR Architecture and Assembly Language Programming
	2.1 The General Purpose Registers in the AVR
	2.2 The AVR Data Memory
	2.3 Using Instructions with the Data Memory
	2.4 AVR Status Register
	2.5 AVR Data Format and Directives
	2.6 Introduction to AVR Assembly Programming
	2.7 Assembling an AVR Program
	2.8 The Program Counter and Program ROM Space in the AVR
	2.9 RISC Architecture in the AVR
	2.10 Viewing Registers and Memory with AVR Studio IDE
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
3 Branch, Call, and Time Delay Loop
	3.1 Branch Instructions and Looping
	3.2 Call Instructions and Stack
	3.3 AVR Time Delay and Instruction Pipline
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
4 AVR I/O Port Programming
	4.1 I/O Port Programming in AVR
	4.2 I/O Bit Manipulation Programming
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
5 Arithmetic, Logic Instructions, and Programs
	5.1 Arithmetic Instructions
	5.2 Signed Number Concepts and Arithmetic Operations
	5.3 Logic and Compare Instructions
	5.4 Rotate and Shift Instructions and Data Serialization
	5.5 BCD and ASCII Conversion
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
6 AVR Advanced Assembly Language Programming
	6.1 Introducing some more Assembler Directives
	6.2 Register and Direct Addressing Modes
	6.3 Register Indirect Addressing Mode
	6.4 Look-Up Table and Table Processing
	6.5 Bit-Addressability
	6.6 Accessing EEPROM in AVR
	6.7 Checksum and ASCII Subroutines
	6.8 Macros
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
7 AVR Programming in C
	7.1 Data Types and Time Delays in C
	7.2 I/O Programming in C
	7.3 Logic Operations in C
	7.4 Data Conversion Programs in C
	7.5 Data Serialization in C
	7.6 Memory Allocation in C
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
8 AVR Hardware Connection, Hex File, and Flash Loaders
	8.1 ATMEGA32 Pin Connection
	8.2 AVR Fuse Bits
	8.3 Explaining the Hex File For AVR
	8.4 AVR Programming and Trainer Board
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
9 AVR Timer Programming in Assembly and C
	9.1 Programming Timers 0, 1, and 2
		Timer0 Programming
		Timer2 Programming
		Timer1 Programming
	9.2 Counter Programming
	9.3 Programming Timers in C
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
10 AVR Interrupt Programming in Assembly and C
	10.1 AVR Interrupts
	10.2 Programming Timer Interrupts
	10.3 Programming External Hardware Interrupts
	10.4 Interrupt Priority in the AVR
	10.5 Interrupt Programming in C
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
11 AVR Serial Port Programming in Assembly and C
	11.1 Basics of Serial Communication
	11.2 ATMega32 Connection to RS232
	11.3 AVR Serial Port Programming in Assembly
	11.4 AVR Serial Port Programming in C
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
12 LCD and Keyboard Interfacing
	12.1 LCD Interfacing
	12.2 Keyboard Interfacing
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
13 ADC, DAC, and Sensor Interfacing
	13.1 ADC Characteristics
	13.2 ADC Programming in the AVR
	13.3 Sensor Interfacing and Signal
Conditioning
	13.4 DAC Interfacing
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
14 Relay, Optoisolator, and Stepper Motor Interfacing with AVR
	14.1 Relays and Optoisolators
	14.2 Stepper Motor Interfacing
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
15 Input Capture and Wave Generation in AVR
	15.1 Wave Generation using 8-Bit Timers
		Generating waves using Timer2
	15.2 Wave Generation using Timer1
	15.3 Input Capture Programming
	15.4 C Programming
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
16 PWM Programming and DC Motor Control in AVR
	16.1 DC Motor Interfacing and PWM
	16.2 PWM Modes in 8-Bit Timers
		Fast PWM mode
		Phase correct PWM mode programming of Timer0
		8-Bit PWM Programming in C
	16.3 PWM Modes in Timer1
		Fast PWM Mode
		Phase correct PWM mode
		16-Bit PWM Programming in C
	16.4 DC Motor Control using PWM
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
17 SPI Protocol and MAX7221 Display Interfacing
	17.1 SPI Bus Protocol
	17.2 SPI Programming in AVR
	17.3 MAX7221 Interfacing and Programming
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
18 I2C Protocol and DS1307 RTC Interfacing
	18.1 I2C Bus Protocol
	18.2 TWI (I2C) in the AVR
	18.3 AVR TWI Programming in Assembly and C
		TWI
Master Operating Mode
		TWI
Slave Operating Mode
	18.4 DS1307 RTC Interfacing and Programming
	18.5 TWI Programming with Checking of Status Register
		Master Transmitter Mode
		Master Receiver Mode
		Slave Transmitter Mode
		Slave Receiver Mode
	Problems
	Answers to Review Questions
A AVR Instructions Explained
	A.1 Instruction Summary
	A.2 AVR Instructions Format
		A
		B
		C
		D
		E
		F
		I
		J
		L
		M
		N
		O
		P
		R
		S
		T
		W
	A.3 AVR Register Summary
B Basics of Wire Wrapping
C IC Interfacing and System Design Issues
	C.1 Overview of IC Technology
	C.2 AVR I/O Port Structure and Interfacing
	C.3 System Design Issues
D Flowcharts and Pseudocode
E AVR Primer for 8051 Programmers
F ASCII Codes
G Assemblers, Development Resources, and Suppliers
H Data Sheets
Index