Loose-leaf Version for The American Promise, Value Edition, Volume 1: A History of the United States

About this Book
	Cover Page
	Inside Front Cover
	About the Cover Image
	Title Page
	Copyright Page
	Preface: Why This Book This Way?
	Versions and Supplements
	Brief Contents
	Contents
	Maps and Figures
	United States Map
	World Map
Chapter 1 Ancient America, Before 1492
	An American Story
	Why do historians rely on the work of archaeologists?
	When and how did humans migrate into North America?
		African and Asian Origins
		Paleo-Indian Hunters
	When and why did Archaic hunter-gatherers inhabit ancient America?
		Great Plains Bison Hunters
		Great Basin Cultures
		Pacific Coast Cultures
		Eastern Woodland Cultures
	How did agriculture influence ancient American cultures?
		Southwestern Cultures
		Woodland Burial Mounds and Chiefdoms
	What ancient American cultures inhabited North America in the 1490s?
		Eastern Woodland and Great Plains Peoples
		Southwestern and Western Peoples
		Cultural Similarities
	How did the Mexican empire amass power and riches?
	Conclusion: How did ancient Americans shape their world and ours?
	Chapter Review
		Explain Why It Matters
		Put It All Together
		Looking Backward, Looking Ahead
		Chronology
Chapter 2 Europeans Encounter the New World, 1492–1600
	An American Story
	Why did Europeans launch explorations in the fifteenth century?
		Mediterranean Trade and European Expansion
		A Century of Portuguese Exploration
	What did Spaniards discover in the western Atlantic?
		The Explorations of Columbus
		The Geographic Revolution and the Columbian Exchange
	How did Spaniards conquer and colonize New Spain?
		The Conquest of Mexico
		The Search for Other Mexicos
		Spanish Outposts in Florida and New Mexico
		New Spain in the Sixteenth Century
		The Toll of Spanish Conquest and Colonization
	How did New Spain influence Europe?
		The Protestant Reformation and the Spanish Response
		Europe and the Spanish Example
	Conclusion: What did the New World promise Europeans?
	Chapter Review
		Explain Why It Matters
		Put It All Together
		Looking Backward, Looking Ahead
		Chronology
Chapter 3 The Southern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, 1601–1700
	An American Story
	How did settlers’ encounters with Native Americans shape the colony of Virginia?
		The Fragile Jamestown Settlement
		Cooperation and Conflict between Natives and Newcomers
		From Private Company to Royal Government
	How did tobacco influence Chesapeake society?
		Tobacco Agriculture
		A Servant Labor System
		The Rigors of Servitude
		Cultivating Land and Faith
	Why did Chesapeake society change by the 1670s?
		Social and Economic Polarization
		Government Policies and Political Conflict
		Bacon’s Rebellion
	Why did a slave labor system develop in England’s southern colonies?
		Indians Revolt in New Mexico and Florida
		The West Indies: Sugar and Slavery
		Carolina: A West Indian Frontier
		Slave Labor Emerges in the Chesapeake
	Conclusion: How did export crops contribute to the growth of the southern colonies?
	Chapter Review
		Explain Why It Matters
		Put It All Together
		Looking Backward, Looking Ahead
		Chronology
Chapter 4 The Northern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, 1601–1700
	An American Story
	Why did Puritans emigrate to North America?
		Puritan Origins: The English Reformation
		The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony
		The Founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony
	How did New England society change during the seventeenth century?
		Church, Covenant, and Conformity
		Government by Puritans for Puritanism
		The Splintering of Puritanism
		Religious Controversies and Economic Changes
	How did the middle colonies differ from New England and the southern colonies?
		From New Netherland to New York
		New Jersey and Pennsylvania
		Toleration and Diversity in Pennsylvania
	How did the English empire influence the colonies?
		Royal Regulation of Colonial Trade
		King Philip’s War and the Consolidation of Royal Authority
	Conclusion: Was there an English model of colonization in North America?
	Chapter Review
		Explain Why It Matters
		Put It All Together
		Looking Backward, Looking Ahead
		Chronology
Chapter 5 Colonial America in the Eighteenth Century, 1701–1770
	An American Story
	How did the British North American colonies change during the eighteenth century?
	What changed in New England life and culture?
		Natural Increase and Land Distribution
		Farms, Fish, and Atlantic Trade
	Why did the middle colonies grow rapidly?
		German and Scots-Irish Immigrants
		“God Gives All Things to Industry”: Urban and Rural Labor
	Why did slavery come to define the southern colonies?
		The Atlantic Slave Trade and the Growth of Slavery
		Slave Labor and African American Culture
		Tobacco, Rice, and Prosperity
	What unified colonists in British North America during the eighteenth century?
		Commerce and Consumption
		Religion, Enlightenment, and Revival
		Trade and Conflict in the North American Borderlands
		Colonial Politics in the British Empire
	Conclusion: Why did British North American colonists develop a dual identity?
	Chapter Review
		Explain Why It Matters
		Put It All Together
		Looking Backward, Looking Ahead
		Chronology
Chapter 6 The British Empire and the Colonial Crisis, 1754–1775
	An American Story
	How did the Seven Years’ War lay the groundwork for colonial crisis?
		French-British Rivalry in the Ohio Country
		The Albany Congress
		The War and Its Consequences
		Pontiac’s War and the Proclamation of 1763
	How did imperial authorities and British colonists differ about taxing the colonies?
		Grenville’s Sugar Act
		The Stamp Act
		Resistance: From Colonial Assemblies to Crowd Politics
		Liberty and Property
	Why did the colonial crisis worsen after the repeal of the Stamp Act?
		The Townshend Duties
		Nonconsumption and the Daughters of Liberty
		Military Occupation and “Massacre” in Boston
	How did British policy and colonial response to the Townshend duties lead to rebellion?
		The Calm before the Storm
		Tea in Boston Harbor
		The Coercive Acts
		Beyond Boston: Rural New England
		The First Continental Congress
	How did enslaved people in the colonies react to the stirrings of revolution?
		Lexington and Concord
		Rebelling against Slavery
	Conclusion: What changes did the American colonists want in 1775?
	Chapter Review
		Explain Why It Matters
		Put It All Together
		Looking Backward, Looking Ahead
		Chronology
Chapter 7 The War for America, 1775–1783
	An American Story
	What persuaded British North American colonists to support independence?
		Assuming Political and Military Authority
		Pursuing Both War and Peace
		Thomas Paine, Abigail Adams, and the Case for Independence
		The Declaration of Independence
	How did the military objectives of each side shape the course of the war’s early years?
		The American Military Forces
		The British Strategy
		Quebec, New York, and New Jersey
	How did the war transform the home front?
		Patriotism at the Local Level
		The Loyalists
		Who Is a Traitor?
		Financial Instability and Corruption
		From Rebellion to Revolution
	How did the American Revolution become a war among continental and global powers?
		Burgoyne’s Army and the Battle of Saratoga
		The War in the West: Indian Country
		The French Alliance
	What were the principal causes of the British defeat?
		Georgia and South Carolina
		Treason and Guerrilla Warfare
		Surrender at Yorktown
		The Losers and the Winners
	Conclusion: Why did the British lose the American Revolution?
	Chapter Review
		Explain Why It Matters
		Put It All Together
		Looking Backward, Looking Ahead
		Chronology
Chapter 8 Building a Republic, 1775–1789
	An American Story
	What kind of government did the Articles of Confederation create?
		Confederation and Taxation
		The Problem of Western Lands
		Running the New Government
	How was republican government implemented?
		The State Constitutions
		Who Are “the People”?
		Equality and Slavery
	Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
		The War Debt and the Newburgh Conspiracy
		The Treaty of Fort Stanwix
		The Northwest Territory
		The Requisition of 1785 and Shays’s Rebellion, 1786–1787
	How did the Constitution change the nation’s form of government?
		From Annapolis to Philadelphia
		The Virginia and New Jersey Plans
		Checks and Balances
	Why did so many Americans object to the Constitution?
		The Federalists
		The Antifederalists
		The Federalist Persuasion
	Conclusion: What was the “republican remedy”?
	Chapter Review
		Explain Why It Matters
		Put It All Together
		Looking Backward, Looking Ahead
		Chronology
Chapter 9 The New Nation Takes Form, 1789–1800
	An American Story
	What were the sources of political stability in the 1790s?
		Washington Inaugurates the Government
		The Bill of Rights
		The Republican Wife and Mother
	Why did Hamilton’s economic policies provoke such controversy?
		Agriculture, Transportation, and Banking
		The Public Debt and Taxes
		The First Bank of the United States and the Report on Manufactures
	What threats did the United States face in the west?
		Western Discontent and the Whiskey Rebellion
		Creeks in the Southwest
		Ohio Indians in the Northwest
	What threats did the United States face in the Atlantic world?
		France and Britain: Toward Neutrality
		The Jay Treaty
		The Haitian Revolution
	How did partisan rivalries shape the politics of the late 1790s?
		Federalists and Republicans
		The XYZ Affair
		The Alien and Sedition Acts
	Conclusion: Why did the United States form political parties?
	Chapter Review
		Explain Why It Matters
		Put It All Together
		Looking Backward, Looking Ahead
		Chronology
Chapter 10 Republicans in Power, 1800–1828
	An American Story
	What was the revolution of 1800?
		Turbulent Times: Election and Rebellion
		The Jeffersonian Vision of Republican Government
		Dangers Overseas: The Barbary Wars
	How did the Louisiana Purchase affect the United States?
		The Louisiana Purchase
		The Lewis and Clark Expedition
		Osage and Comanche Indians
	What led to the War of 1812?
		Impressment and Embargo
		Tecumseh and Tippecanoe
		Washington City Burns: The British Offensive
	How did the civil status of free American women and men differ in the early Republic?
		Dolley Madison and Social Politics
		Women and the Law
		Women and Church Governance
		Female Education
	Why did partisan conflict increase during the administrations of Monroe and Adams?
		From Property to Democracy
		The Missouri Compromise
		The Monroe Doctrine
		The Election of 1824
		The Adams Administration
	Conclusion: How did republican simplicity become complex?
	Chapter Review
		Explain Why It Matters
		Put It All Together
		Looking Backward, Looking Ahead
		Chronology
Chapter 11 The Expanding Republic, 1815–1840
	An American Story
	What economic developments reshaped the U.S. economy after 1815?
		Improvements in Transportation
		Factories, Workingwomen, and Wage Labor
		Bankers and Lawyers
		Booms and Busts
	How did new practices of party politics shape Andrew Jackson’s election and agenda?
		Popular Politics and Partisan Identity
		The Election of 1828 and the Character Issue
		Jackson’s Democratic Agenda
	What was Andrew Jackson’s impact on the presidency?
		Indian Policy and the Trail of Tears
		The Tariff of Abominations and Nullification
		The Bank War and Economic Boom
	What were the most significant social and cultural changes in the 1830s?
		Separate Spheres
		The Second Great Awakening and Moral Reform
		Organizing against Slavery
	What political and economic events dominated Martin Van Buren’s presidency?
		The Politics of Slavery
		Elections and Panics
	Conclusion: The Age of Jackson or the era of reform?
	Chapter Review
		Explain Why It Matters
		Put It All Together
		Looking Backward, Looking Ahead
		Chronology
Chapter 12 The North and West, 1840–1860
	An American Story
	Why did “industrial evolution” occur?
		Agriculture and Land Policy
		Manufacturing and Mechanization
		Railroads: Breaking the Bonds of Nature
	How did the free-labor ideal explain economic inequality?
		The Free-Labor Ideal
		Economic Inequality
		Immigrants and the Free-Labor Ladder
	What spurred westward expansion?
		Manifest Destiny
		Oregon and the Overland Trail
		The Mormon Exodus
		The Mexican Borderlands
	Why did the United States go to war with Mexico?
		The Politics of Expansion
		The Mexican-American War, 1846–1848
		Victory in Mexico
		Golden California
	What changes did social reformers seek in the 1840s and 1850s?
		The Pursuit of Perfection: Transcendentalists and Utopians
		Woman’s Rights Activists
		Abolitionists and the American Ideal
	Conclusion: How did the free-labor ideal contribute to economic growth?
	Chapter Review
		Explain Why It Matters
		Put It All Together
		Looking Backward, Looking Ahead
		Chronology
Chapter 13 The Slave South, 1820–1860
	An American Story
	Why did the South become so different from the North?
		Cotton Kingdom, Slave Empire
		The South in Black and White
		The Plantation Economy
	What was plantation life like for slave masters and mistresses?
		Paternalism and Male Honor
		The Southern Lady and Feminine Virtues
	What was plantation life like for slaves?
		Work
		Family and Religion
		Resistance and Rebellion
	How did nonslaveholding southern whites work and live?
		Plantation-Belt Yeomen
		Upcountry Yeomen
		Poor Whites
		The Culture of the Plain Folk
	What place did free blacks occupy in the South?
		Precarious Freedom
		Achievement despite Restrictions
	How did slavery shape southern politics?
		The Democratization of the Political Arena
		Planter Power
	Conclusion: How did slavery come to define the South?
	Chapter Review
		Explain Why It Matters
		Put It All Together
		Looking Backward, Looking Ahead
		Chronology
Chapter 14 The House Divided, 1846–1861
	An American Story
	Why did the acquisition of land from Mexico contribute to sectional tensions?
		The Wilmot Proviso and the Expansion of Slavery
		The Election of 1848
		Debate and Compromise
	What upset the balance between slave and free states?
		The Fugitive Slave Act
		Uncle Tom’s Cabin
		The Kansas-Nebraska Act
	How did the party system change in the 1850s?
		The Old Parties: Whigs and Democrats
		The New Parties: Know-Nothings and Republicans
		The Election of 1856
	Why did northern fear of the “Slave Power” intensify in the 1850s?
		“Bleeding Kansas”
		The Dred Scott Decision
		Prairie Republican: Abraham Lincoln
		The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
	Why did some southern states secede immediately after Lincoln’s election?
		The Aftermath of John Brown’s Raid
		Republican Victory in 1860
		Secession Winter
	Conclusion: Why did political compromise fail?
	Chapter Review
		Explain Why It Matters
		Put It All Together
		Looking Backward, Looking Ahead
		Chronology
Chapter 15 The Crucible of War, 1861–1865
	An American Story
	Why did both the Union and the Confederacy consider control of the border states crucial?
		Attack on Fort Sumter
		The Upper South Chooses Sides
	Why did each side expect to win?
		How They Expected to Win
		Lincoln and Davis Mobilize
	How did each side fare in the early years of the war?
		Stalemate in the Eastern Theater
		Union Victories in the Western Theater
		The Atlantic Theater
		International Diplomacy
	How did the war for union become a fight for black freedom?
		From Slaves to Contraband
		From Contraband to Free People
		The War of Black Liberation
	What problems did the Confederacy face at home?
		Revolution from Above
		Hardship Below
		The Disintegration of Slavery
	How did the war affect the economy and politics of the North?
		The Government and the Economy
		Women and Work at Home and at War
		Politics and Dissent
	How did the Union finally win the war?
		Vicksburg and Gettysburg
		Grant Takes Command
		The Election of 1864
		The Confederacy Collapses
		The War’s Bloody Toll
	Conclusion: In what ways was the Civil War a “Second American Revolution”?
	Chapter Review
		Explain Why It Matters
		Put It All Together
		Looking Backward, Looking Ahead
		Chronology
Chapter 16 Reconstruction, 1863–1877
	An American Story
	Why did Congress object to Lincoln’s wartime plan for reconstruction?
		“To Bind Up the Nation’s Wounds”
		Land and Labor
		The African American Quest for Autonomy
	How did the North respond to the passage of black codes in the southern states?
		Johnson’s Program of Reconciliation
		White Southern Resistance and Black Codes
		Expansion of Federal Authority and Black Rights
	How radical was congressional reconstruction?
		The Fourteenth Amendment and Escalating Violence
		Radical Reconstruction and Military Rule
		Impeaching a President
		The Fifteenth Amendment and Women’s Demands
	What brought the elements of the South’s Republican coalition together?
		Freedmen, Yankees, and Yeomen
		Republican Rule
		White Landlords, Black Sharecroppers
	Why did Reconstruction collapse?
		Grant’s Troubled Presidency
		Northern Resolve Withers
		White Supremacy Triumphs
		An Election and a Compromise
	Conclusion: Was Reconstruction “a revolution but half accomplished”?
	Chapter Review
		Explain Why It Matters
		Put It All Together
		Looking Backward, Looking Ahead
		Chronology
Appendix
	The Declaration of Independence
	The Constitution of the United States
	Amendments to the Constitution (including the six unratified amendments)
Glossary
Index
About the Authors
Inside Back Cover
Back Cover