The Dialectical Biologist

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
Contents
Introduction
One. On Evolution
1. Evolution as Theory and Ideology
The Ideology of Evolution
Change
Order
Direction
Progress
Perfectability
Darwin and Evolution
The Background of Darwinism
Darwinism and Materialism
The Darwinian Theory
Genetics and Evolution
Races and Species
Novelty and Adaptation
The Origin of Life
Fitness of and in Populations
Organism and Environment
Integration of Parts
Macroscopic and Microscopic Theories
2. Adaptation
Being Adapted and Becoming Adapted
Specific Adaptations
Natural Selection and Adaptation
Evolutionary Convergence
Nonadaptive Characters and the Failure of Adaptation#
Adaptation as Ideology
3. The Organism as the Subject and Object of Evolution
Gene and Development
Organism and Environment
Two. On Analysis
4. The Analysis of Variance and the Analysis of Causes
Discrimination of Causes and Analysis of Causes
Quantitative Analysis of Causes
Norm of Reaction
Effect of Additivity
Purpose of Analysis
5. Isidore Nabi on the Tendencies of Motion
Results
Conclusions
6. Dialectics and Reductionism in Ecology
Reductionism and Materialism
The Community as a Dialectical Whole
Abstraction and Idealism
Stochasticity and Statistics
Three. Science as a Social Product and the Social Product of Science
7. The Problem of Lysenkoism
The Philosophical and Scientific Claims of Lysenkoism
The Conditions Creating Lysenkoism
Conditions of Agriculture
Problems of Experiment and Evaluation
The State of Genetic Theory
Ideological and Social Implications of Genetics
The Reaction of the Peasants to Collectivization
Class Origins of Scientists and Agronomists
Xenophobia
The Apogee and Decline of Lysenkoism
Did Lysenkoism Affect Soviet Agriculture?
Can There Be a Marxist Science?
8. The Commoditization of Science
9. The Political Economy of Agricultural Research
Profitability and Solvency
Social Objectives of Agriculture
Organization of Knowledge
10. Applied Biology in the Third World
11. The Pesticide System
12. Research Needs for Latin Community Health
Toward a Concept of Environment
The Inseparability of the Psychosocial and the Physiological
Inseparability of Occupational and Community Health
The Unit of Epidemiology Is Not the Individual
Health Care and Its Utilization
Conclusions
13. What Is Human Nature?
Conclusion: Dialectics
Bibliography
Index