Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 9: Stem Cell-Based Therapeutic Approaches in Disease

Preface
Contents
Data Analysis of Infection Rates Among Exposed Healthcare Workers Could Reveal Effective Prophylactics Against SARS-CoV-2
	References
Immune Responses to SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2
	1 Introduction
	2 Immune Responses Induced by CoVs Infections
	3 SARS-CoV
	4 MERS-CoV
	5 SARS CoV-2
	6 Conclusion
	References
Normothermic Preservation of Liver - What Does the Future Hold?
	1 Introduction
	2 Pretransplant Graft Modulation During Ex Situ Liver Perfusion
		2.1 Mitigating Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
		2.2 Mitochondrial Enhancers
			2.2.1 Photobiomodulation
			2.2.2 Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ)
			2.2.3 Ubiquinol-10
			2.2.4 Glutathione
			2.2.5 Ozone
		2.3 De-Fatting of Steatotic Liver Grafts
		2.4 Senolytics
		2.5 Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) Enhancers
		2.6 Ischemia-Free Liver Preservation
		2.7 Gene Therapy During NMP
		2.8 Gene Silencing with siRNA
		2.9 Altering the Immunogenic Potential of the Graft
		2.10 Stem Cell Therapies
		2.11 Nanoparticle Therapy Delivery
	3 Ex Situ Perfusion as Multi Therapy Platform
	4 Ex Situ Restoration of Brain Circulation and Cellular Function
	5 Conclusion
	References
Tissues from Post-Mortem Donors as Alternative Sources of Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Studies
		2.1 In-Vitro Studies
		2.2 In-Vivo Studies
	3 Post-Mortem-Tissue-Derived Stem Cells - Alternative Sources for Regenerative Medicine in the Future?
	References
New Pioneers of Optogenetics in Neuroscience
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Optogenetics Strategy
		1.2 Optogenetics in Neuroscience
		1.3 Optogenetics to Shape the Connectome
		1.4 Stem Cells and Optogenetics
		1.5 Optogenetics in the Field of Cerebral Organoids
		1.6 News on CRISPR/Cas 9 in Combination with Optogenetics
		1.7 Optogenetics in Microwell Plates
		1.8 Organizational Representation for Mapping of 3D Neuronal Configurations
		1.9 Optogenetics in Regenerative Medicine
	2 Discussion
	References
A Current Overview of Scaffold-Based Bone Regeneration Strategies with Dental Stem Cells
	1 Introduction
	2 Biomaterials
		2.1 Polymers
			2.1.1 Natural Polymers
				Collagen
				Silk
				Gelatin
				Chitosan
				Alginate
			2.1.2 Synthetic Polymers
				Poly(Lactic Acid)
				Poly(Glycolic Acid)
				Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolide)
				Poly--Caprolactone
				Poly(Butylene Succinate)
		2.2 Ceramics
			2.2.1 Calcium Phosphates
			2.2.2 Bioactive Glass
	3 Scaffolds
		3.1 Porous Scaffolds
		3.2 Fibrous Scaffolds
		3.3 Hydrogels
		3.4 Decellularized ECM
	4 Scaffold Fabrication Technologies
		4.1 Conventional Technologies
			4.1.1 Solvent Casting with Particulate Leaching
			4.1.2 Phase Seperation
			4.1.3 Gas Foaming
		4.2 New Generation Scaffolding Technologies
			4.2.1 Electrospinning
			4.2.2 3D Bioprinting
	5 Use of Dental Stem Cells in Scaffold Based Bone Tissue Engineering
	6 Current Challenges and New Perspectives
	References
The Importance of Stem Cell Senescence in Regenerative Medicine
	1 Introduction
	2 Characteristics of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
	3 Aging and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
	4 Effects of In Vitro and In Vivo Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Aging on Cell Properties
		4.1 Aging Impacts Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSCs) Proliferative Capacity
		4.2 Aging and Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Differentiation Capacity
		4.3 Aging and Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Malignant Transformation
		4.4 Aging and the Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Immunophenotype
		4.5 Aging and Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Morphology
		4.6 Mechanisms in Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Senescence
			4.6.1 Telomeres and Telomerase
			4.6.2 Epigenetic Changes
	5 Tools to Monitor Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell (hMSC) Senescence In Vitro
		5.1 Numbers of Passages
		5.2 Evaluation of Senescence-Associated Beta-Galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) Activity
		5.3 Telomere Length
		5.4 Cytogenetic Techniques
		5.5 Genomic and Epigenomic Analyses
	6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
	References
Hematological Malignancies and Fertility
	1 Introduction
	2 Diagnosis of Malignancy and Fertility
	3 Hematological Malignancy Treatment and Female Fertility
		3.1 Chemotherapy
		3.2 Radiation
		3.3 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)
		3.4 Clinical Presentation in Female Patients
	4 Hematological Malignancy Treatment and Male Fertility
	5 Fertility Preservation Counseling
	6 Fertility Preservation Methods
		6.1 Hormonal Therapy
		6.2 Oocyte or Embryo Cryopreservation
		6.3 Transposition of the Ovaries
		6.4 Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation (OTC)
		6.5 Semen Cryopreservation
	7 Conclusions
	References
Unraveling Polymeric Nanoparticles Cell Uptake Pathways: Two Decades Working to Understand Nanoparticles Journey to Improve Ge...
	1 Introduction
	2 Factors Affecting Interaccion of NP with Cell Membranes
		2.1 Nanoparticle Factors
		2.2 Cell Factors
	3 NP Internalization Through Endocytosis
		3.1 Classification Based on the Size of the Internalized Particles
			3.1.1 Phagocytosis
			3.1.2 Pinocytosis
				Micropinocytosis
					Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis
					Caveolin-Mediated Endocytosis
					Caveolin-Clathrin Independent Pathways
				Macropinocytosis
		3.2 Classification Based on the Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
	4 Exocitosis: Do Polymeric Nanoparticles Play a Role?
	5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
	Bibliography
Cellular Dust as a Novel Hope for Regenerative Cancer Medicine
	1 Introduction
	2 A Brief History of Regenerative Medicine
		2.1 Regenerative Cancer Medicine
		2.2 Historical Development of Cellular Dust
	3 Cellular Dust as a New Treatment Approach in Modern Medicine
	4 The Role of Cellular Dust in Cancer Treatment
		4.1 Types of Cancer Treated with Cellular Dust Approach
		4.2 The Role of Platelet Derived Microparticles in Tumor Progression and Metastasis
		4.3 Cell-Derived Microparticles and Exosomes in Cancer
	5 Current Perspectives of Cellular Dust Approach in Oncology
	6 Challenges and Therapeutic Benefits of Cellular Dust
	7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
	References
Index