Energy policies of IEA Countries France

Energy Policies of IEA Countries: France
Table of contents
	List of figures, tables and boxes
1. Executive summary and key recommendations
	Progress and challenges
	Energy system transformation
	Energy security
	Key recommendations
Part I - Policy analysis
2. General energy policy
	Country overview
	Supply and demand
		Supply
		Demand
	Institutions
	Key policies for the energy transition
		The Energy Transition Act
		Planning and tracking of the energy transition
		Territorial planning
	Financing the energy transition
		Tax incentives and loans
		Green taxation
		Public funds
	Assessment
	Recommendations
References
3. Climate change and air quality
	Overview
	Energy-related CO2 emissions
		Emission types
		Sources of CO2 emissions
		Carbon intensity
	Institutions
	Policies and measures
		Targets
			2020 targets
			2030 and 2050 targets
			Domestic targets
		Carbon budgets
		Carbon pricing
			European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS)
			Carbon pricing outside EU-ETS sectors
		Air quality
		Climate change adaptation
		Climate financing
	Assessment
	Recommendations
References
4. Energy efficiency
	Final consumption of energy
		Energy intensity
	Energy efficiency progress
	Institutional framework
	Policies and measures
	Progress and policies in the residential sector
		Building stock
		Buildings
			Targets
			Policies and measures
			Labelling and training
			Economic incentives
		Public sector
			Public buildings
			Public procurement
		Appliances and equipment
	Progress and policies in the industry sector
		Policies and measures
		Economic incentives
	Progress and policies in the transport sector
		Policies and measures
			Freight transport
			Passenger transport
			Road transport
	Case study: electrification of the transport sector
		Benefits and challenges
		EV markets worldwide
		EV market development in France
		IEA 25 energy efficiency recommendations
	Assessment
		Buildings
		Transport
		Industry
	Recommendations
References
Part II - Sector analysis
5. NATURAL GAS
	Supply and demand trends
		Supply
		Imports and exports
		Demand
	Gas regulatory framework
	Gas infrastructure
		Transmission
		LNG facilities
		Underground storage
	Gas market structure
		Wholesale market
		Distribution
		Retail market
	Gas prices and taxes
	Gas security of supply policy
	Assessment
	Recommendations
References
6. Oil
	Supply and demand trends
		Crude oil
		Oil products
		Demand
	Oil infrastructure
		Refining
		Storage
		Ports and pipelines
	Oil retail market structure
	Oil security
		Emergency response policy
		Emergency action plans
		Demand restraint measures
		Stock-draw mechanisms
	Oil prices and taxes
	Assessment
	Recommendations
References
7. Coal
	Supply and demand trends
		Supply
		Demand
	Coal policies
	Assessment
References
8. Electricity
	Supply and demand
		Generation
		Demand
		Imports and exports
	Institutions
	Industry structure
	Wholesale markets
		Market structure
		Market coupling
		Wholesale market price trends
			The French capacity market
			From demand-side management (DSM) to demand response (DR)
	Retailmarket
		Market structure
		Regulated tariffs
		Price trends
		Consumer engagement and smart grids
	Security of electricity supply
		Legal Framework
		Power system adequacy
		Network adequacy
			Transmission networks and interconnections
			Distribution networks
	Assessment
		Wholesale electricity market
		Electricity transmission and distribution networks
		Retail electricity market
	Recommendations
References
9. Renewable energy
	Supply and demand
	Institutions
	Policies and measures
		Progress to 2020
			Renewable electricity
		Reform and 2030 targets
			Renewable heat
			Renewable energy in district heating and cooling
			Renewable energy in transport
			Permitting procedures
	Assessment
	Recommendations
References
10. Nuclear energy
	Overview
	Institutional framework
		Administrative authorities
		Safety Authority
		Public agencies and organisations
		Industrial actors
	Historical background
	Economic aspects of nuclear electricity in France
		Long-term operation (Grand Carénage)
		New builds
		Financing challenges
	Nuclear safety
		Institutional framework
		Fukushima Daiichi
		Periodic safety review and lifetime extension
	Fuel cycle activities
	Nuclear waste management and decommissioning
	Nuclear fission research and development
	Assessment
	Recommendations
References
11. Energy technology research, development and demonstration
	Overview
	Institutional framework
	National policy framework for RD&D
	Programmes and funding
	Private sector
	Priorities
	International collaboration
	Assessment
	Recommendations
References
Part III - Annexes
Annex A: Organisation of the review
	Review criteria
	Review team
	Organisations visited
Annex B: Energy balances and key statistical data
	Footnotes to energy balances and key statistical data
Annex C: International Energy Agency “Shared Goals”
ANNEX D: Glossary and list of abbreviations
	Units of measurement